I've had a lot of people ask me over time about how I made my own BTSM helmet, following is an in depth guide as to how I made just about every part of it including resources I referenced and other things I found helpful.
AXIS PROTOTYPES BTSM HELMET CASE STUDY: https://www.axisproto.com/casestudy/btsm-helmet/
GABRIEL HEBERT PORTFOLIO ENTRY (ORIGINAL HELMET DESIGNER): https://www.gabhebert.com/btsm2017
THE POPULAR FREE THINGIVERSE HELMET: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4816454
My model was created in Blender. I tried for months in Autodesk Inventor, hard surface modeling was easier to learn entirely than trying to make it work in there for me. The shape of the helmet is EXTRAORDINARILY difficult to replicate, to get as close as I could, I imported the thingiverse helmet .stl as a reference to work off of, and modeled it side by side with a giant grid of reference images of all angles of the helmet I could find. Made by scouring their socials.
overall:
mine came out pretty decently close with this method but there's definitely a few notable inaccuracies. I will not be updating my model to fix those (last updated/printed spring 2023). It's a bit too wide mainly but whatever we ball. Making/adjusting this model is tedious as fuck and takes a lot of time. definitely not necessary unless you're nutty about accuracy as there are good fan models available online.
SOFTWARE:
SHOPPING LIST:
THIS PART IS LOWKEY FREE!
My Personal helmet was printed in 3 parts on an Ender 3 V2 Neo
The best printer out there for printing full size helmets (FDM) is the Elegoo Neptune 4 Max
For literally any other printer you will have to print it in several pieces and adhere them together
TO CUT THE 3D MODEL:
Microsoft 3D Builder
Bambu Studio
Filament: I used Overture PLA+
PRINT SETTINGS:
as much support as physically possible ESPECIALLY around the eye channels as those are fragile as hell. I orient all my prints so that the supports are only contacting the internal parts of the helmet. this makes sanding/finishing a lot easier as the exterior wont have all that support contact garbage on it. be really really careful removing supports around the eye channels.
TO ADHERE PIECES TOGETHER:
I connect all my prints together using a 2 part resin/epoxy glue. It cures pretty fast but I don't recommend sanding for at least 24 hours. Another method I've tried and enjoyed is plastic welding, which is just going up and down the seam of the print (from the side that is not visible) and just cross-hatching the plastic to kind of melt one side of the seam together with a soldering iron.
TO SAND:
I clean up all my print lines/seams with my orbital sander at 120 grit, use Bondo Body filler to fill in problem areas and sand those back down with 120/220, a layer of filler primer to see what needs more cleaning, then sanded back down with 220 again, a wet sand at 320, then like some final dry sanding @ 320/400. Some combination of these sanding tasks gets a really damn smooth finish, this part is just long annoying and tedious but worth it because smooth helmet is cool and awesome.
TO PAINT/PROTECT:
I used Rustoleum pro brown primer and the pro flat black on mine. I however did not use a clear coat because I did not feel like it. You should really use a clear coat though, and matte if you're going for accuracy.
this parts scary if you've never worked with electronics before but it's a lot easier than it seems i promise teehee.
Challenge 1 is soldering the eyes together into the shape you need
CONTROLLING THE LIGHTS OPTION 1:
Use WLED.
The controller I used was an Arduino Nano Every
I soldered my controller STRAIGHT into my eyes/helmet. you can definitely throw a connecter in between them pretty easily but up to you.
To upload WLED, all you need to do is plug the arduino into your PC, use the install/wled link, then once configured to the LED strip should be good to go. You will be able to change colors and animations using an app controlled on your phone. This should work with bluetooth, so you should be able to control this virtually anywhere without wifi.
CONTROLLING THE LIGHTS OPTION 2:
This isn't the most beginner friendly option in the world, I will be as descriptive as possible. The issue with WLED for me is needing your phone to change colors/animations. This option includes creating a custom controller that has preloaded colors/animations that you can change by clicking a button. HOWEVER you have to program everything yourself :(
SOFTWARE/TOOLS:
-SOLDERING IRON & SOLDER
-ARDUINO IDE
SHOPPING LIST:
-SMALL 1 PIN CABLES "ARDUINO WIRES" KINDA LIKE THIS
-SMALL CONTROLLER BOARD (I USED THIS XIAO ESP32C3
-144/M WS2812B LED STRIP
-3 PIN WIRE 22AWG FOR SOLDERING LED STRIPS TOGETHER
-100 OHM RESISTORS
-2 PIN BUTTON
*NOTE: SOME OF THESE YOU CAN ONLY BUY CHEAPLY IN BULK IM SORRY
BOARD PIN OUT
BACK OF THE BOARD
This board can be powered by plugging a battery bank into the USB-C Port. To send power to the lights, they will be connected to the 5V and GND pins. To send control signals to the lights/button to change colors/animation we will be using the D# pins. I'll go into them more in the programming section.
I created this circuit diagram on KiCad to give a reference of how this system goes together. The following color code will be relevant to the pictures of each step of the soldering process.
D6 for lights (WHITE)
D4 for the button (BLUE)
5V for Power (RED)
GND for Ground (BLACK/COPPER)
A low ohm resistor (100) will be needed to bridge the D4/Button wire to the ground in this circuit. Honestly I don't know 100% why in circuit terms. I used a ton of different tutorials/searches to arrive at this final diagram like 2 years ago. Google "How to wire a 2 pin button" and thats mainly how I figured this out.
I start by wiring leads into all connection points and tinning the wires (covering the end that will be connected with a little bit of solder as a primer kinda). Here you can see the color code mentioned earlier.
Also important to note, for this project I created a custom casing to hold the button and board in place. I suggest doing the same, or here is a blank version of mine on my makerworld. (CREATE AND LINK HERE AT SOME POINT)
With my cases design, you have to thread the button in before you solder the button wire onto the controller. (You also have to cut the button pins down in order for it to fit properly, I cut about half off.)
On the LED Strip side, the top row is the Ground, middle is Control, and bottom is Power/5V. Here's how that looks with my example/color coding.
what not to do
I was in a rush to finish this to wear at lost lands 2024 that I went for the laziest/easiest way possible and stuffed mine with foam cushioning. I strongly advise to not do this, it sits kinda just well enough, makes things sweatier, idk its just not good craftsmanship I was being mad lazy.
If I were to remake my helmet I'd do it with a hard hat insert like the picture on the right (thank you popular thingiverse helmet man). They're easy to find on amazon. Alongside his helmet model he also has custom brackets for that exact headgear that can be mounted into the helmet. Linked here: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:5901661
what you should do (pic I stole from reddit)